The research begins from a historical observation:
the people who became Israel lived within the
cultures of the ancient Levant and the wider ancient
Near East. Their language, settlements, political
institutions, sacred places, stories, divine
imagery, ritual practices, and religious vocabulary
developed within that world.
The investigation therefore asks what becomes
visible when biblical traditions are read alongside
archaeology, inscriptions, comparative religion,
ancient Near Eastern texts, historical geography,
material culture, and the religious lives of
ordinary people.
This does not mean treating every resemblance as
borrowing or assuming every biblical tradition is
late. It means testing continuity, difference,
adaptation, convergence, polemic, and change rather
than assuming the answer in advance.